It is for spreading out the stress. But it is also for giving the bolt a bearing surface to turn on. The washer always goes on the side (nut or bolt) that is being turned. It prevents it from marring ...

I believe it has less to do with strength and more to do with stiffness. A rod of aluminum of the same length and weight as a a steel rod will be just as strong (force required to break) but have ...

I laid everything out so you should only need to read it from top to bottom and look backwards for variables, never forward. I also tried to lay it out so hopefully you know where everything is coming ...

Screws and their holes have a few of problems: Screws are formed, so nowhere near as accurate as a hardened, ground pin. You probably could harden then grind a screw thread but obviously much more ...

One is called a press, the other is called a hammer. At this point I am just regurgitating what I have read. You can see that the press is able to shape the metal more which is is good in that it is ...

They are just identifiers for different types of holes. If the same symbol was used for every hole then every hole would need the size specified beside it if there was more than one type. With ...

It's a lathe dog. It grips the part and extends over so it can be pushed by the spindle so the lathe motor can turn it. Like the chuck, it grips the part so the part must follow it in the ...

This cannot be answered as is because almost all the critical information is missing. Mechanical Power required to move to the go kart is determined by the force and speed required Motor Power can ...

The biggest unknown you need to determine or guess is the coefficient of rolling friction. For reference, a coefficient for rolling friction of 0.3 is already very high and is for something like for ...

Worm gears. The worm (screw) would lay horizontally and drive the spur gears in your photo. Worm gears inherently cannot be back driven so consume no power while holding position. However, they are ...

No, positive acceleration, alone, does not need to imply positive velocity. Another term for "acceleration in the opposite direction of the velocity" is just "deceleration". The ...

The radio spectrum is limited. There are is only a finite range of frequencies over which we can transmit so you if have two people communicate by directly transmitting to each other over two ...

Hydraulics can be used more naturally with engines for servo-like motions (try reversing direction or holding position on a engine driven gear box). Piston must be of precise dimensions without any ...

You are basically correct. The output gear since it is the one applying the most torque and will experience the most force on the gear teeth. That said, you asked about stress which means something ...

You do not want to overcome the force of static friction when accelerating because that's when the dynamic friction takes over and your wheels slip. That means that the force applied on the edge of ...

It appears to be a base holding a scribe. Normally they are used to hold indicators (which are like touch sensors that measure how far the arm is deflected from their neutral position). You mount ...

Chernobyl does power its own cooling system during normal operation. It would be very strange if it did not. It uses the grid as backup and then uses diesel generators as a backup for the backup. This ...

It is to distinguish it from flexible metal conduit.

I think you might have tunnel vision after spending so much time designing the container. The solution is quite obvious, simple, and fast. When the cap is female, you have a soft, deformable pad at ...

You basically can't. The same way carbon fiber is made: Epoxy. Fiber-filled if need be...but won't be as strong as a weld though. The only other potential method I know of is to get carbon fiber ...

Assuming you already know basic moment of inertia calculations (and if you do not then you really should not be asking your question here prior to research): You can't develop an equation without ...

You can use angle gages to find pitch angle. Looks like a feeler gage but for angles. You use thread measuring wires with a micrometer and equations to find thread diameters.

The ball joint can be seated in a split-spherical shell socket that is tightened by screw. The one below uses a hydraulic mechanism to tighten all the clamps present with a single knob, but other ...

Maybe I'm not understanding what you have in mind but your drawing looks really complicated with sliding rollers in captive grooves and such. I also imagine the lateral movement when weighing ...

It won't just keep itself straight You know a steel beam held at one end won't just keep itself straight either right? It also bends under it's own weight when supported by one end. Just because you ...

You're interpreting things that aren't there. I did not see anywhere in the source materials where it says the temperature at the interface is lower because of air gaps. The temperature is going to ...

TLDR: I recommend either collets or shaft clamping pillow blocks, forces permitting. Collets is probably better, but shaft clamping pillow blocks are definitely easier and cheaper. You can also ...

When you push on a block, your hand applies a force on that block. An "opposite force" then comes into existence but exists elsewhere. It is not also applied onto the block. It is applied by ...

Those are called flux rings. They're standard on pretty much all motors. They close the magnetic loops in the core so the flux doesn't need to escape into the air to find its way back to the other end ...

Pretty sure they are not all stainless steel. I would expect some brass and I don't think I would expect the springs to be stainless steel. Different metals with water result in galvanic corrosion. ...