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"CRS" is an abreviation for "Centers". So, for example the statement "Deck Joist @ 400mm crs" means "at 400mm centers", i.e. that the centreline of the joists ...

Does not apply to this example, but just for completeness: I've also seen CRS as an abbreviation for cold-rolled steel in a material callout in machine drawings, e.g. "1018 CRS".

Since you said that the piles are not reaching the desired capacity, I am assuming that these are friction piles instead of bearing piles. There are two ways in which the capacity of friction piles ...

For the proposed construction - stud wall on a 3' elevated block wall, a tie beam is absolutely necessary to support the weight above, as the block wall performs poorly as an elevated beam. Under load,...

In many cities including all beach communities in the state of California having a concrete grade beam tying the concrete piles together and forcing them to act as an integrated structure is actually ...

Another thing you need to consider, is the maximum wind pressure that the panels will experience for the calculation -- much depends on this. In the other answers, it's not explicitly mentioned what ...

Unfortunately, the correct answer is not the accepted answer. Wind code has several load combinations that you need to verify and also pick the scheme that best fits your application and finally ...

As a rough approximation, the weight of the footing ($Wc$) required to avoid the frame being lifted out of the ground is graphically depicted below.

Yas, of course, jack hammering reinforced concrete creates hard to see cracks in the concrete comproming its strength and making it vulnerable to water penetration and rebar oxidation. it is used only ...

I suspect what you have seen was wrong. The correct way is: 1-Excavate/ drill the pile holes with the caps excavation or the top grade beam excavation if the pile is part of a soldier-pile network at ...

I worked for a main contractor as project engineer. Taking my experience from one of my project. To be more specific, when we are driving piles into the soil, say we are using hydraulic hammer pile ...

It is assumed we are still in fill layer. Usually we keep going down till we hit the competent strata. Then we log the depth and keep going. In some jobs variation of the fill depth is normal. Unless ...