I purchased a pair of noise canceling headphones today and I was just wondering how exactly they are able to cancel out background noise?
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1$\begingroup$ This is a very well-documented question, with answers available all over the internet - as such it doesn't seem a good fit for this site. $\endgroup$– Jonathan R SwiftCommented Aug 8, 2019 at 7:57
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1$\begingroup$ Have a look at: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise-cancelling_headphones then en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_noise_control or even watch this youtube.com/watch?v=VTx4JgYsW5s if you prefer not to read $\endgroup$– Jonathan R SwiftCommented Aug 8, 2019 at 7:58
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Briefly they take the waveform of the ambient noise then produce the inverse waveform which is then generated. The two waveforms effectively cancel out leaving a much quieter ambient sound level.
The important part is to be able to separate the wanted "noise" (music or voices) from the unwanted noise.
A search will give you several results that will provide much more detail.
