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I tried solving the Navier Stokes equation for a Newtonian fluid in a pipe.

$\frac{du}{dt}-\frac{\sigma}{\rho}\frac{du}{dx}=g$ with initial condition $u(0,t)=2$ which means that the flow velocity at $x=0$ is $2$.

$\frac{dt}{dx} = -\frac{\rho}{\sigma}\rightarrow t =-\frac{\rho}{\sigma}x+c\rightarrow c = t+\frac{\rho}{\sigma}x $

We the introduce two ned variable $\xi = c , \eta=t$ to put the PDE into canonical form:

$\xi_{t} = 1 ,\xi_{x} =\frac{\rho}{\sigma} $ and

$\eta_{t}=1,\eta_{x}=0$

$u_{x} = \xi_{x}u_{\xi}+\eta_{x}u_{\eta} = \frac{\rho}{\sigma}u_{\xi}$

$u_{t} =\xi_{t}u_{\xi}+\eta_{t}u_{\eta} = u_{\xi}+u_{\eta}$

Substituting into the original equation we get:

$u_{\eta}=g\rightarrow u(\xi,\eta) = \eta g+f(\xi)$ But $\eta = t$ and $\xi = t+\frac{\rho}{\sigma}x$ so we get $u(x,t) = gt+f(t+\frac{\rho}{\sigma}x)$. By applying the condition $u(0,t)=2\rightarrow gt+f(t)=2\rightarrow f(t) = 2-gt \rightarrow f(t+\frac{\rho}{\sigma}x) = 2-gt-g\frac{\rho}{\sigma}x$ and by substituting $f(t+\frac{\rho}{\sigma}x) \rightarrow u(x,t) = 2-g\frac{\rho}{\sigma}x$ which doesnt make sense since it can take negative values and predict a negative flow velocity.What am I doing wrong?

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  • $\begingroup$ If $u(0,t) = 2$, doesn't that mean it will be constant in time? Then $du/dt = 0$, the rest can be separated and integrated and you should end up with velocity of 2 in the whole pipe. $\endgroup$ Commented Apr 22, 2023 at 10:27
  • $\begingroup$ No It doesn't work like that bcs we know u is only independent of time when x=0. $\endgroup$
    – Volpina
    Commented Apr 22, 2023 at 10:50
  • $\begingroup$ You are right. But for transient simulation, you basically need known state at the start. So you should have initial velocity distribution at starting time, not just a value at a point. If the fluid is not compressible, the pipe has constant diameter and you are only interested in mean velocity at each cross section, I don't see a possibility for the velocity to be other than constant in the whole pipe, depending just on time. $\endgroup$ Commented Apr 22, 2023 at 12:01
  • $\begingroup$ @TomášLétal cant the diameter of the pipe change across x? $\endgroup$
    – Volpina
    Commented Apr 22, 2023 at 12:06
  • $\begingroup$ @TomášLétal the flow velocity is 2 at x=0 there isn't any reason why it couldn't be something else when x not equal 0 $\endgroup$
    – Volpina
    Commented Apr 22, 2023 at 12:10

1 Answer 1

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According to Wikipedia in the Navier Stokes equation the Cauchy stress tensor $\sigma = \tau-p$ where $\tau$ describes viscocity and $p$ describes the volumetric pressure

Since we can make the meaningful assumption that when $|p|>0$ fluid will flow in the pipe $|p|>|\tau|\rightarrow \tau-p<0$ so in my equation the term $-g\frac{\rho}{\sigma}>0$ so $2-g\frac{\rho}{\sigma}x$ cannot be $<0$(for $x>0$)

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