# Tag Info

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### Can we change steel properties by application of magnetic field while quenching?

This will at least depend on the: Rate of Cooling Magnetic field strength Exact composition The magnetic field will alter the microstructure as you can read in, for example, Yudong Zhang, Nathalie ...
• 1,618
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### Block diagram vs flow chart?

Use Google's define:<item to look up> feature. block diagram noun: block diagram; plural noun: block diagrams a diagram showing in schematic form the ...
• 8,469

### What is the correct pipe size for a 2inch pipe?

As of the 2013 edition of ASME B16.5, the scope section explains: This Standard states values in both SI (Metric) and U.S. Customary units. As an exception, diameter of bolts and flange bolt ...
• 4,501
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### Does every engineering design needs to have a complete theoretical backing or may experimental data suffice?

Are any designs based solely on data from trial and error used in critical mainstream engineering? Usually not. And the reason is that trial and error is expensive and time consuming. As engineers, ...
• 2,511

### In the context of a known disturbance $d(t)$ in a control loop, what is the $\Delta t$ at which the control loop has to be executed?

The choice of time step sets the bandwidth of the control loop. The highest unity gain frequency (UGF) you can hope to achieve in the closed loop is the Nyquist frequency  f_N=\frac12 f_s=\frac{1}{...
• 6,306

### How can I measure the thickness of a sedimentation layer in a closed tank?

Buy a depth finder! As @SF pointed out, you can use an ultrasonic device to measure the depth of the water. These devices work by sending out an acoustic impulse and recording the return signals. ...
• 6,306
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### What is the correct pipe size for a 2inch pipe?

I would guess that the discrepancy is down to rounding fractional inch sizes to decimal inches ie 2.38 is not exactly 2 3/8" Note that 2.375 (two and three quarter eighth inches) is 60.325mm
• 15k
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• 636

### Boiling Point, Pressure and Distillation

In ambient pressure, ethane boiling point is -89 °C; ethylene boiling point is -103.7 °C. Water, to act as efficient coolant needs to be liquid, so above 0 °C. You're not going to condense ethane ...
• 6,133

### How do you get a closed vessel to >90,000 psi internal pressure

Contact an engineering firm with experience designing and building such systems and vessels to code. Otherwise, you're just building a bomb.
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### Valve first,then heat exchanger OR heat exchanger first then valve

I think the key information is that the liquid is saturated. This means any reduction in pressure will lead to partial vaporization and two phase flow. For heat tranfer best overall heat transfer ...
• 121
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### Modelling gas desorption from a still solution (e.g. a beer)

In perfectly stagnate gas systems, transport of a component through a gas collapses to diffusion of the component through the gas. In this case, $k_L a \propto (D / \delta)^n$ where $D$ is diffusion ...
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### What is the fouling effect (in rate, foulant thickness) of sand inside tube side of a shell and tube heat exchanger?

There is quite a bit to unpack here, so I may need to deconstruct your question a bit. Your question is surrounding the fouling rate of a Shell & Tube (S&T) heat exchanger which I will get to, ...
• 605

### Sizing a pressure safety valve for two-phase flow

While designing a relief the valve flow rate is the deciding variable. To calculate its value in two phase flow different models can be used like HEM, drift flux, separated flow, etc. For this ...

### Baffle vs Bottom Temperature Measurement/Control

When there is a change of temperature of the reactor contents, which sensor detects the change first? The quicker the effects of a change can be detected, the more responsive the control system and (...

### Recommended models for mineral liberation in crushers

You might want to look up the the "Bond Work Index". It's an empirical method for understanding the energy required to achieve certain amounts of comminution (think P80) for a given method and mineral....
• 131
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### Steam sterilization of whey in a bioreactor

It all depends on the sterilization level you want to achieve. As you say, you would need to know the death kinetics parameters, or equivalently the log-decimal reduction time (D) and how it changes ...
• 335

### Gas cleaning in activated carbon filters - How much moisture is needed and why?

In terms of bed capacity, dry gas—0% moisture, or as close as you can get—is generally optimal. Section 12.4 of Air Pollution Control (Cooper & Alley, 4th ed.) characterizes the impact of several ...
• 3,211