Questions tagged [convection]
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Nusselt number equations for external flow over a single finned tube heat exchanger
I am designing a heat exchanger that will utilize a singular finned tube of around 2" diameter with 4 fins per inch that are 3/4" tall and .03" thick. I am looking at finding the ...
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Implementing convective boundary conditions for 1-dimensional finite difference computation of heat equation
I am simulating heat transfer through a 1-dimensional wall with convection on both sides. For the wall, I implemented a finite difference model like this:
$$
u(x, t + ∆t) ≈ u(x, t) + c [u(x + ∆x, t) − ...
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Does 'Jet Impingement Cooling' always cool?
I understand that by using jet impingement cooling, we can achieve a high convective heat transfer rate, but there is also a stagnation region where the kinetic energy of the jet will be converted to ...
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Heat transfer in open equalization tank
I have to cool waste water in equalization tank (open tank) from 60 C to 30 C.
Here is the information about the waste water:
[![enter image description here][1]][1]
[1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/...
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Correlations for convection coefficients in tubes at high Reynolds numbers
I am looking for a correlation to calculate the heat transfer coefficient for a convection problem for turbulent flow in a tube at high Reynolds numbers of > 5×106. This is where the Gnielinski ...
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Can a steel plate reach -20°C due to radiative cooling when the ambient temperature is 2°C?
Conditions: there is a steel plate insulated at the bottom and facing the clear night sky, the ambient air temperature is 2°C, the cosmic microwave background radiation is 3K, and the convective heat ...
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How do I get the temperature of a stainless steel pipe that's being heated by a direct current?
I'm working on the following problem:
Use a stainless-steel pipe with an internal diameter of 0.016m and a length of 2.5 m to conduct a convective heat transfer experiment. During the experiment, the ...
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What would be the advantage of using Colburn j factor instead of h (heat transfer coefficient)
Why do researchers use the Colburn j factor vs. Re when presenting the thermal performances of a heat exchanger?
A graph of the heat transfer coefficient h vs. Re wouldn't be sufficient?
What are the ...
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Modeling 1D Transient Heat Transfer: Wall/Room interface
Consider a 1D adiabatic room (of volume V) with a wall conducting heat on its left side.
The wall is solid and heat conduction in it is driven by the common heat equation.
There is convection at the ...
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Why heat transfer happens only via conduction in this case?
Why heat transfer between a heated flat plate and a fluid happens via conduction only and not convection, when the fluid is present below it?
Consider a plate under which a fluid is present and it ...
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Heat transfer coefficient in forced convection and its dependence of temperature
I'm working on a Ansys Fluent of an Aluminium coil annealing furnace with the goal of estimating the heat transfer coefficients at different temperatures and ventilator/fan speed conditions. The ...
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Mean temperature of a fluid in a pipe
Consider a pipe in which a fluid flows such that the pipe is at a higher temperature than the fluid. At any cross section of the pipe we get a varying temperature profile. We can define a mean ...
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Does forced convection account for energy transfer in this case?
I have to confess that thermodynamics is not a friend of mine.
My system consists of a volatile droplet sitting on a thermally conductive substrate. The energy balance comprises heat lost due to ...
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Isn't the Newton's cooling law for heat convection too macroscopic for CFD simulations?
In CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulations, the space is discretised into a huge number of tiny cells and, therefore, one has the opportunity to use a model of heat transfer that takes into ...
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Can the Whitaker Nusselt number correlation be used for a hot sphere in convection with cool air?
The Whitaker Nusselt number correlation (equation 4 here if you don't know it) seems to not be applicable for when the viscosity of the fluid gets higher away from the surface, but it seems to get ...
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Minimizing home heating costs [closed]
I live in an old rental house with 12 foot ceilings and zero ceiling fans. I am trying to conserve as much energy as possible as heating costs are expensive. I have placed plastic on all of my windows ...
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Calculating Thermal Convection Coefficient
I am designing a heat sink, the diameter of the hole is 6mm. and the diameter of the fibre rod is 1.2mm.
The material I am using is aluminium, with thermal conductivity of 230. The ambient ...
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In this scenario, if I continue to increase the length of heat exchanger how will the temperatures change?
Consider a counter flow double pipe heat exchanger inside which the cold fluid enters at 20 degrees Celsius and hot fluid enters at 100 degrees Celsius. Initially the length of the heat exchanger is ...
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Is this value of critical Reynolds number also valid for ducts?
In internal flow, when a fluid flows inside a circular pipe, the most practical value of critical Reynolds number is taken as 2300. I was wondering if this number is also the same for non circular ...
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How to visualise/measure airflow in sauna?
I'd like to visualise/measure the flow of air in sauna to optimise the ventilation.
Is there a way to colour the air (non-toxic!!!) so I may watch the flow?
Or is there any other accessible technology ...
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Errors obtained in the numerical solution of the 1D convection-diffusion equation
I have been trying to solve the 1D convection-diffusion equation
In implementing the above, I have tried to follow closely the method described here: https://uk.mathworks.com/support/search.html/...
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Analytical solution for the 1D convection-diffusion equation
The Ogata and Banks analytical solution of the convection-diffusion equation for a continuous source of infinite duration and a 1D domain:
where C [mol/L] is the ...
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surface temperature due to constant heat flux
Imagine a hollow cylinder with the outside surface exposed to air (convection). If there is a constant heat flux on the inside surface how would I calculate both the inside and outside surface ...
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Why do we consider the normal component of velocity in a flux and not the original direction of velocity?
Below is the equation of convective flux of an arbitrary property that is carried by particles. When particles move they carry their property along with them. Given a fixed surface in space, in order ...
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How to calculate heat loss across a process pipe with perpendicular air flow
My thermodynamics knowledge is extremely rusty, so I would appreciate some guidance on how to solve this problem.
As illustrated here, I have a process pipe (steel) with a gas flowing through it (blue)...
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Empirical correlation for low reynolds convective heat transfer coefficient
I am looking for a heat transfer coefficient for a shape (rectangular cross section preferred, could estimate with flow over flat plates) in 2 m/s cross flow.
I have found a few empirical correlations ...
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As a rugged and waterproof device, how does gopro dissipate heat?
I am new to designing rugged + waterproof products. I am curious about how to dissipate heat when the electronics are running and the ambient environment is even hotter. It seems like the mode of heat ...
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Heat Conduction/Convection Along discontinuous tube
I have a question regarding heat conduction/convection. I have a metallic tube over which a rope heater is wound, supplying power. A glass tube and a 2nd metallic tube lies at the exit of the first ...
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How to calculate heat and mass transfer rates from an enclosed box?
I'd like to know if it's possible to calculate the heat and mass transfer rates from a small volume to the environment.
Let's assume there is a box with a small opening at the top. The air inside the ...
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Heat transfer for a copper rod
For a copper rod heated by a heat gun, why might the temperature of the rod continue to increase for a short time after the heat gun has been removed as the heat source? With reference to transient ...
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How to consider the dimension of a cylinder when computing its radiative budget?
I am trying to derive a heat budget model to estimate the temprature of very small a stationary vertical cylinder (1mm) under environmental conditions. Imagine a wooden stick. Simply put, I have
R = ...
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Wire heating and heat transfer in a cylindrical pattern
I have a series of copper coils with ¼” cooling plates between each coil. The cooling plates will be manufactured from aluminum and cooled using copper tubing. There are seven in series, and a plate ...
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Heat Transfer in Different Wire Configurations
I am trying to create a program which estimates the final temperature of a magnet made of copper wire. I have different configurations in mind, but I will start off with a straight square wire with a ...
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Minimum distance between long curtains and radiator for good air flow?
It's a known fact that you cannot place a curtain near a radiator because it will trap hot air behind the curtain and also block cold air from going through the radiator from bellow.
But obviously ...
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What is the difference between the wave equation and the advection equation?
I am trying to understand what is the difference between the wave equation ad the advection equation? Bot the equation seems to move a quantity. While in literature it is said that the advection ...
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Ventilation requirements of a closed housing of a video wall
Our company builds rather large video walls that are driven by computers next to them. In one of our current project the size of the installation is 21 55" displays side by side in portrait mode and 4 ...
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convection query
I am attempting some convection analysis for research I am doing. I was wondering someone could kindly confirm whether I am on the right track. The calculation is based up air being passed over a flat ...
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Convection Heat Transfer
I am working on a problem at the moment and would appreciate some of your expertise regarding this issue. If you see the image below, I am trying to calculate heat transfer from a fluid entering a ...
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Most effective heat transfer in a vertical pipe with small top/bottom temperature difference?
What would be most effective way to transfer heat in the following situation?
Specific conditions: A vertical cylinder or pipe, 30-100cm long, 5-10 cm in diameter, heavily thermally insulated except ...
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Calculating heat transfer in a cooling loop
Imagine a closed pipe like below, filled with a liquid. The pipe is copper. Then imagine a small point heat source of X watts applied to the outside of the pipe in the position shown. Heat warms the ...
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Characteristic dimension for combining free and forced convection?
I have a situation that I have a combination of free and forced convection over a cylinder. Remembering back from heat transfer, to combine these I use the formula
$$Nu_{\mathrm{comb}}^n = Nu_{\...
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Can I neglect kinetic energy when modeling convective heat transfer for viscous, low mach airflow? Why or why not?
I'm looking at convective heat transfer for air flow over a solid at Ma=0.2. At this speed, it is plausible to model the flow as incompressible because of small density variations in the air. ...
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Convective heat transfer coefficient in finite difference method boundary conditions
Suppose there is a cubic material with an internal heat source ($\Delta q / \Delta t =$ Constant), and is immersed in a sufficiently large amount of water. Now I would like to use finite difference ...
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How to determine if mass transfer convection is natural or forced?
I know that forced convection requires some external bulk flow, but is there an equation to determine which form of Convection is dominant? I looked around and found the Richardson number $\mathrm{Ri}=...
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Heat transfer characteristics in narrow rectangular channel
Please take a look at following figure:
System considered is a narrow rectangular channel of 2.5 mm depth (W x L is 60 mm x 150 mm). Since channel has low depth, it can be considered as mini-channel. ...
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Heat Transfer coefficient calculation for hot air flow inside rectangular duct
I am working on modeling of air-heater component. A simplified representation of system is as follows:
Cold air flow enters steel duct at one end. Inside duct is Calrod heating element shaped as ...
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