I was wondering how to design this circuit in depth, since I have no idea what to do.
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2$\begingroup$ Take a look here for some inspirations, and remind your dumb-ass professor to note Amper with the capital $A$. electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/55622/… $\endgroup$– user14407Oct 29, 2019 at 22:52
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2$\begingroup$ @Sam: Only the symbol is capitalised. Units named after a person are lowercase when spelled out, not as written (and mis-spelt) in your comment. This is SI standard. $\endgroup$– TransistorDec 1, 2019 at 16:35
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$\begingroup$ @SamFarjamirad And symbols for SI units are not italicized. So the symbol for ampere is just A, not A. $\endgroup$– Elliot AldersonNov 26, 2020 at 16:42
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2 Answers
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Your circuit works. Proper ground connection.
Your battery would be +12V -(-8V) = 20V. Voltage at Point A = 12V, Point B = 9V, Point C = 4V and Point D = 0V. The circuit is a good place to start.
To get 12V at 6mA, you need $R_{L_3} = \frac {V}{I} = \frac {12V}{6mA} = 2kΩ$
Same process for 9V at 18mA and 4V at 4mA. Three of the 7 resistors are known. To get those voltages and currents, those are the resistors.
The rest of the resistors must be selected to support those resistors. $R_1$ to $R_4$ are in series (hense the name, loaded voltage divider) and each load resistor is in parallel with an individual series resistor.
So load currents are 6mA, 18mA and 4mA. We also need a little extra for $R_3$. Make that 4mA, to make the math easier.
So $I_T = 6mA + 18mA + 4mA + 4mA = 32mA$. This is also current in $I_{R_4}$.
The voltage across $R_4$ is: $V_{R_4} = 0 - (-8V) = 8V$.
So $R_4 = \frac {V_{R_4}}{I_T} = \frac {8V}{32mA} = 250Ω$
$R_3$: At Point C, you want 4V and $R_3$ and $R_{L_1}$ are in parallel. So:
$$V_{R_3} = V_{R_{L_1}} = 4V - 0V = 4V$$
This may seem obvious, but you need to do this for the following steps. $V_C$ - $V_D$ = Voltage Drop across $R_3$.
Loads 1 to 3 are connected to Point D. So their currents do not pass through $R_3$.
$$I_{R_3} = I_T - I_{R_{L_3}} - I_{R_{L_2}} - I_{R_{L_1}} = 32mA - 6mA - 18mA - 4mA = 4mA$$
The extra current I added. Know current and voltage for $R_3$.
$R_2$: You want 9V at Point B and 4V at Point C.
$$V_{R_2} = V_B - V_C$$
$R_2$ is connected to $R_3$ and $R_{L_1}$. This means the current for those resistors must flow through $R_2$.
$$I_{R_2} = I_{R_3} + I_{R_{L_1}}$$
Know current and voltage for $R_2$.
Only one left is $R_1$. Same process. I leave this to you, but this will get you going in the right direction.
answered Nov 1, 2019 at 15:47
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Assume your design works, so you know that the voltages at A, B, and so on are the ones given in the problem. Since you know the currents through the loads, you know some of the currents flowing out of the nodes A, B, C .... , With knowledge of the voltages, and some of the currents, you can figure out the other currents. Then you can solve for the resistors in the voltage divider that give you those currents. (Note that the voltage at D in your diagram is 0, you probably want D to be the voltage at the bottom of the battery. )
