About the control system
The control system is a device which gathers the instructions (desired behaviour) from some source (e.g G-code, sensors, etc.) and produces signals to the servos (through drivers or a power layer). It is usually quite dumb (compared with AI), and low-latency hard-real-time, however the term does not exclude the usage of AI.
About Artificial Intelligence
AI implies some sort of advanced computational behaviour:
- Trained behavour through neural network and/or genetic algorithms
- Advanced Logical deduction
- etc..
Those systems are able (for example) to recognize some object/aspect on a video and trigger the consequent actions.
It requires highly intensive computation, with many-cores CPU/GPUs which make it mostly incompatible with low-latency MCU used in control systems.
Note: AI is a quite abused terminology: its specific meaning has evolved significantly and can be applied to a wide range of technologies.
AI is usually considered an input to the control system rather than part of it.
Summary
To summarize, a control system could include AI, but AI is not a control system. AI is usually considered an input to the control system rather than part of it.