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What is the type of and principle of operation of the fitting connector circled in this photo:

enter image description here

There are a few other similar joints depicted.

It looks like this connector is tightened "circumferentially" as a hoop, possibly / probably over the top of the mating flanges of the two fittings. So that makes the fitting ends universal but its not obvious how it would provide reaction against the pressure at the joint.

(Contrast to the bolted flanges just below the circled area - its more obvious that they press the fittings together, maybe with a gasket, which would resist internal pressure forcing the joint apart).

Note: photo snippet from What is this plumbing apparatus?

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The flange on the pipes are beveled and the groove in the clamp is V shaped. There is also a seal between the 2 pipes.

As the clamp is screwed down it will force the 2 ends together.

The dimensions are such that the clamp will not bottom out without providing enough pressure to ensure water tightness.

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These are rigid grooved clamps and are frequently used in fire protection and sprinkler systems plumbing because they allow fast replacement of valves.

Here is one 2/12 inch example.

https://m.made-in-china.com/product/2-1-2-Size-Grooved-Rigid-Coupling-and-Plumbing-Clamps-for-Fire-Protection-Piping-705008162.html

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