A lot of discussion about the modernisation of electricity systems is about "inertia". This is usually a qualitative discussion about how turbines (in hydro, coal & gas plants) with lots of kinetic energy in the form of angular momentum and fast responsiveness provide voltage and frequency stabilisation at the scale of quarter-cycle (5ms in 50Hz grids) to a small number of seconds.
However, discussions often stall because it's quite rare to see this "inertial response" quantified, and its source identified: AIUI. As I understand it, the system itself has very low electrical capacitance, so I guess most of the inertial response comes from the rotation of turbines.
IsHow is inertial response quantified for any national electricity systems, and if so, in what forms, and what are some typical values of system inertia?